MSF teams treated over 12,000 people for cholera, around three-quarters of cases in Chad, during 2011's large-scale outbreak.
While emergency outbreaks can be treated, prevention is key. There must be improved access to clean water and good sanitation facilities for people in Chad.
Cholera outbreak
More than 450 people died and 17,200 cases of the disease were reported in 2011, numbers that have not been seen since 1996.
At the height of the epidemic in August, up to 1,250 new cases per week were recorded, a third of those in the capital city of N'Djamena.
Medecins Sans Frontieres MSF (Doctors Without Borders) mobilized more than 325 national and international staff at 23 health care centers in Massakory, Am Timan, Abou Deia, Mandelia, Pala, Fianga, Lere, Lai, Bongor and N'Djamena.
Continuing epidemic
A mother watches over her nine year old son who fell sick with cholera during the 2010 outbreak. Cholera Treatment Centre, Goy Godoum, Chad.
© Yasmin Rabiyan
"The outbreak was a continuation of the 2010 epidemic.
"It never really ended, therefore we witnessed two events: cases before the rainy season, and a wide geographical spread. 37 out of 61 districts were affected," says Michel-Olivier Lacharité, head of MSF programs in Chad.
Last spring, MSF teams worked closely with the Chadian Ministry of Health to establish treatment centers, oral rehydration points (ORP) and awareness activities to limit the spread of the disease.
MSF also carried out case management training at public health facilities.
MSF treated three-quaters of patients
By late November, MSF had treated more than 12,700 people, about three quarters of cases in the country, with cure rates approaching 99%.
Activities were still being carried out in late November even though the number of cases had dropped sharply.
Because there are concerns about a possible resurgence of cholera, MSF teams continue to monitor the situation and are ready to intervene, if necessary.
In 2010, MSF treated more than 6,800 cases of cholera in the country.
Prevention is key
"We must consider strategies to help people," says Dr. Michel Quere, MSF medical advisor.
"Cholera epidemics are the result of several factors: lack of access to drinking water, latrines and sanitation facilities, but also a delay in care, due to a misunderstanding of the disease and difficult access to care.
"If public authorities and development actors are not involved in these structural causes, the population of Chad will face these epidemics, year after year. "
Vaccines
MSF is working along-side authorities, to ensure better coordination between health care providers in Chad, in order to facilitate a rapid treatment of cases, along with the introduction of an oral vaccine recently approved by the World Health Organization.
"The vaccine raises hopes that the spread of disease around the outbreaks, such as Lake Chad, for example, could be limited.
"To do this, close collaboration between ministries of health in the region, international public health actors and non-state actors such as MSF will be necessary, "says Dr. Quere.
In 2011, MSF responded to outbreaks of cholera in Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Zambia and Haiti, among others.
In Chad, MSF also operates in Massakory, Moïssala and Am Timan and has expanded access to care for vulnerable people (children, pregnant women) and treats deadly diseases such as malnutrition and malaria.
In Abeche, MSF offers treatment for vesico-vaginal fistulas in women of childbearing age.